刘振明，欧阳璐菲，郭立君，李晓声.喷油器喷嘴结构参数对空化效应的影响[J].内燃机工程,2020,41(6):72-77.
喷油器喷嘴结构参数对空化效应的影响
Influence of the Structural Parameters of Injector Nozzle on Cavitation Effect
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2020.06.009
关键词:喷油器  喷嘴  空化  计算流体力学  结构参数
Key Words:injector  nozzle  cavitation  computational fluid dynamics  structural parameter
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51379269）
作者单位
刘振明，欧阳璐菲，郭立君，李晓声 1.海军工程大学 动力工程学院，武汉 430033；2.中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所，上海 201108 
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摘要:基于不可压缩流体体积（volume of fluid， VOF）函数多相流模型，模拟喷油器完整喷射周期内的燃油流动和空化特性，获得喷嘴空化形成及发展的关键区域和影响空化效应的关键结构参数，并分析其对流场及空化特性的影响规律。结果表明：较小针阀升程时，在针阀锥形表面台阶和喷孔下边缘位置处发生明显空化现象，当升程增加时，空化集中分布在喷孔位置处，从倒圆处开始诱发并逐渐向下游延伸；针阀台阶夹角增大使得针阀表面台阶处和喷孔下缘的前部的局部空化增强，穴蚀更严重，且燃油流量减小；通过增大针阀座倒圆半径和喷孔直径锥度系数可有效地改善喷孔局部空化程度。
Abstract:A volume function multiphase flow model of incompressible fluid was used to simulate the flow and cavitation characteristics of an injector throughout its life cycle, thus learning the key areas that produce nozzle cavitation, and the main structural parameters that affect cavitation effect, and further analyzing the influence of these parameters on flow and cavitation characteristics. Results show that when the needle lift is small, there is obvious cavitation at the cone transition zone of needle valve and the lower edge of nozzle orifice. As the needle lift increases, cavitation is concentrated around the nozzle orifice, starting from the rounding point and gradually extending downstream. Enlarging the included angle of the cone transition zone of needle valve would increase the cavitation at the cone transition zone of needle valve and the front of the lower edge of nozzle orifice, which makes the cavitation more serious coupled with the reduction of fuel flow. In general, increasing the rounding radius of needle valve seat and the taper coefficient of orifice diameter could effectively improve the local cavitation of nozzle orifice.
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