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    • Numerical Simulation on the Spray Process and Atomization Mechanism of an Air-Assisted Injection System
    DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2025.03.004
    Key Words:air-assisted injection system  Eulerian-Lagrangian approach  filmseparation and stripping  vortex ring  film mass
    Author NameAffiliationE-mail
    QIU Haoji* Institute for Energy Research， Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang 212013， China 1193100480@qq.com 
    HUANG Yunlong Institute for Energy Research， Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang 212013， China
    Rong Tong Aero Engine Technology Corporation Limited， Nanjing 210000， China     		18810499@qq.com 
    HE Zhixia* Institute for Energy Research， Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang 212013， China zxhe@ujs.edu.cn 
    ZHONG Wenjun School of Energy and Power Engineering， Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang 212013， China wj_zhong@ujs.edu.cn 
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    Abstract:To deeply study the spray process and atomization mechanisms caused by the gas-liquid interaction in an air-assisted injection system， a numerical model was established based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The model includes a complete air-assisted injector and a constant-volume environment， with a more precise and universal spray model setup proposed. The spray process is divided into the fuel-air mixing stage and the mixture injection stage. The surface break-up process of the fuel jet in the fuel-air mixing stage， as well as the rebound， splash， and adhesion behaviors of droplets with the wall were qualitatively analyzed. The critical role of the mixing chamber design in the gas-liquid mixing efficiency and intake stability was clarified. The results from the mixture injection stage indicate that the average droplet diameter inside the constant-volume environment is about 6 μm， and droplets with an average diameter of 20~30 μm exist at the Laval nozzle exit. Furthermore， further research on the atomization mechanism reveals that a small number of droplets with diameters greater than 50 μm also exist in the exit region， and these droplets originate from the separation of the film on the outer wall. The formation mechanism of vortex rings was revealed in the study. The near-field vortex ring is determined by the geometry of the Laval nozzle， and the far-field vortex ring is generated by the high-speed air disturbing the stagnant nitrogen gas through viscous forces. Finally， an analysis of the film mass variation on each wall of the air-assisted injector indicates a large amount of film that is difficult to strip from the upper inner wall， which could lead to fuel accumulation issues during cold start.
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