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    • Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine
    DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2025.02.005
    Key Words:ammonia  diesel  engine  dual-fuel  combustion  emission
    Author NameAffiliationE-mail
    CUI Jian Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 20222106010@stu.kust.edu.cn 
    NIE Xuexuan Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 1838813119@qq.com 
    BI Yuhua* Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 815569621@qq.com 
    SHEN Lizhong Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China  
    LEI Jilin Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 22972489@qq.com 
    WAN Mingding Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 915389147@qq.com 
    ZHANG Kai Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China 2425287683@qq.com 
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    Abstract:An ammonia injection system was designed for a four-cylinder high-pressure common-rail diesel engine with a displacement of 3.0 L. A self-developed ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine control unit （ECU） was utilized to control the injection of four ammonia nozzles in the intake manifold. By adjusting the injection pulse width， the opening time of the ammonia nozzles and the amount of ammonia injected were changed. Performance tests of the ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine at different substitution rates were conducted under simulated flatland conditions. The impact of different ammonia substitution rates on cylinder pressure， heat release rate， combustion temperature， ignition delay， combustion center of gravity， and combustion duration was analyzed. Additionally， the effects of different ammonia energy substitution rates on HC、CO、NOx、NH3、CO2 and particle number were investigated. The results showed that when the ammonia substitution rate increased from 0 to 30%， the cylinder pressure， heat release rate and combustion temperature decreased by 0.42 MPa， 9 J/（°）， and 34.9 K， respectively. Additionally， the ignition delay and combustion duration were extended by 0.9° and 4.5°， respectively， and the combustion center was delayed by 1.5°. As the ammonia substitution rate increased， HC and CO emissions showed a slight increase， while CO2 and NOx emissions were significantly reduced， and unburned NH3 emissions increased markedly. For every 10% increase in the ammonia substitution rate， CO2 and NOx emissions decreased by 3 343×10-6 and 65×10-6， respectively， HC and CO emissions increased by 6×10-6 and 8×10-6， respectively， and unburned NH3 emissions rose by 87.3×10-6. Although the use of ammonia helped to reduce carbon emissions， it also led to a decrease in fuel economy. At an ammonia substitution rate of 30%， the equivalent fuel consumption rate increased to 37.9 g/（kW·h）， and the thermal efficiency reduced to 35.9%.
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