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    • Effects of Excess Air Coefficients and Spark Timing on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of an In-Cylinder Direct Injection Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
    DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2025.02.002
    Key Words:excess air coefficient  spark timing  combustion  emission  in-cylinder direct injection hydrogen engine
    Author NameAffiliationE-mail
    JIA Bin* Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute， Tianjin 300072， China jiabin@cleanengines.com 
    HUANG Zeyuan State Key Laboratory of Engines， Tianjin University， Tianjin 300072， China zy_h@tju.edu.cn 
    HU Zhen State Key Laboratory of Engines， Tianjin University， Tianjin 300072， China huzhen@tju.edu.cn 
    ZHOU Lei State Key Laboratory of Engines， Tianjin University， Tianjin 300072， China lei.zhou@tju.edu.cn 
    ZHONG Lijia State Key Laboratory of Engines， Tianjin University， Tianjin 300072， China zhonglijia@tju.edu.cn 
    WEI Haiqiao* State Key Laboratory of Engines， Tianjin University， Tianjin 300072， China whq@tju.edu.cn 
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    Abstract:Based on a three-dimensional model of an in-cylinder direct injection hydrogen internal combustion engine， the effects of excess air coefficients and spark time on the combustion and emissions were investigated. The results showed that with the decrease of excess air coefficient from 2.5 to 2.1， the peak cylinder pressure increased from 6.9 MPa to 10.5 MPa， and the peak cylinder pressure phase advanced from 18.0° after top dead center（ATDC） to 12.5° ATDC. The decrease of the excess air coefficient increased the rich-mixture region which accumulated near the spark plug and cylinder wall. In addition， with the decrease of the excess air coefficient， the flame speed was accelerated and the combustion temperature was increased， which led to an increase in NOx emissions. With the advance of spark timing from 5° before top dead center（BTDC） to 9° BTDC， the peak cylinder pressure increased from 7.9 MPa to 9.3 MPa， and the peak cylinder pressure phase advanced from 18.5° ATDC to 14.0° ATDC. With the advance of spark timing， the average cylinder temperature increased from 1 900 K to 2 050 K， which led to an increase in NOx emissions.
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