王晓康,张旭升,金立家,等.喷油器控制阀微流道可视化试验与仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2024,45(5):82-89.
喷油器控制阀微流道可视化试验与仿真研究
Visualization Experiment and Simulation Study on the Microchannel of Injector Control Valve
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2024.05.010
关键词:可视化试验  控制阀  空化  仿真
Key Words:visualization experiment  control valve  cavitation  simulation
基金项目:
作者单位E-mail
王晓康 上海海事大学 商船学院，上海 201306 202230110125@stu.shmtu.edu.cn 
张旭升* 上海海事大学 商船学院，上海 201306 xszhang@shmtu.edu.cn 
金立家 上海海事大学 商船学院，上海 201306 fhzmssmy@163.com 
陈萍 海军工程大学 动力工程学院，武汉 430033  
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摘要:为了优化控制阀油路内空化导致燃油流动状态改变对喷油特性的偏差和局部结构的穴蚀破坏，对控制阀流道进行试验与数值模拟。试验通过提取喷油器控制阀流道的等效二维截面，在不同压差下开展了两个结构控制阀二维流道的流动可视化研究。结果表明，随着压差的增大，流道内流量变化趋势从线性的无空化段，逐步发展为流量稳定的强烈空化段。对于带有流道节流结构且球阀阀体圆柱边缘采用直角结构的A流道，空化初生压差范围为6.22~9.00 MPa。对于无流道节流结构且球阀阀体圆柱边缘采用圆角结构的B流道，空化初生压差范围为5.63~8.17 MPa。空化最先出现在流道最窄处的球阀侧，随后出现在密封锥面侧。控制阀的密封面处的局部结构对空化的发展会产生显著影响。计算流体动力学的仿真结果表明，k-ω剪切应力运输（shear stress transport， SST）湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri（ZGB）空化模型的仿真结果与试验空化分布吻合更好，流道密封面处尺寸的微小改变及流道宽度对空化初生的位置影响显著。
Abstract:To optimize the control valve hydraulic circuit and address the deviation in fuel injection characteristics and localized structural erosion caused by cavitation， experimental and numerical simulations were conducted on the control valve flow passages. A flow visualiztion study on the two-dimensional （2D） channels of two structural control valves under different pressure differentials by extracting equivalent 2D cross-sections of the fuel injector control valve flow passages. The results indicate that with increasing pressure differential， the flow behavior within the channels transitions from a linear non-cavitation regime to a strongly cavitated regime with stable flow rates. For the channel A， which features a throttling structure and right-angled edges on the cylindrical surface of the ball valve， cavitation inception occurrs within a pressure differential range of 6.22~9.00 MPa. Conversely， cavitation inception occurrs within a pressure differential range of 5.63~8.17 MPa for the channel B， which has no throttling structure and has rounded edges on the cylindrical surface of the ball valve. Cavitation initiation was observed first on the ball valve side at the narrowest point of the channel， followed by the sealing cone side. The localized structure of the sealing surface of the control valve significantly influences cavitation development. Simulation results from computational fluid dynamics indicate better agreement between the simulated cavitation distribution using the k-ω shear stress transport（SST） turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri（ZGB） cavitation model， compared to experimental observations. Minor alterations in the dimensions of the sealing surface and channel width have a significant impact on the initiation position of cavitation.
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