赵立艳,雷基林,刘懿,等.低温环境下柴油机冷起动的热力过程研究[J].内燃机工程,2022,43(1):1-9.
低温环境下柴油机冷起动的热力过程研究
Thermodynamic Process of Cold Start of a Diesel Engine in Low Temperature Environment
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2022.01.001
关键词:两缸柴油机  低温冷起动  热力过程  压缩比
Key Words:two-cylinder diesel engine  low temperature cold start  thermodynamic process  compression ratio
基金项目:云南省科技计划重点项目（202002AC080010）
作者单位E-mail
赵立艳* 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 724376762@qq.com 
雷基林* 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500 leijilin@kust.edu.com 
刘懿 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500  
邓伟 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500  
邓晰文 昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500  
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摘要:为了探究柴油机冷起动的热力过程，在环境温度分别为293.0 K和248.0 K下对某小型两缸柴油机进行了冷起动试验、仿真计算和热力过程分析，建立了冷起动热力过程边界条件，得到了低温冷起动的最低辅助加热量，研究了压缩比对冷起动热力过程能量耗散的影响。研究结果表明：冷起动过程中，能量损失占比最大的是气缸内工质向燃烧室壁面的传热损失。转速上升阶段能量耗散波动较大，而暖机和怠速稳定阶段能量分配趋于稳定。环境温度为293.0 K和248.0 K时的气缸内工质向燃烧室壁面传热损失占比分别为38.55%、36.40%。248.0 K环境温度下的最低辅助加热量为1 648.80 J。随着压缩比增大，燃烧延迟角、排气能量、气缸内工质向燃烧室壁面的传热量、缸内工质能量泄漏损失均呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势，而摩擦功损失呈现减小的趋势，各种能量趋势变化的转折点都在升速阶段的1.90 s出现。
Abstract:In order to explore the thermodynamic process of cold start of a diesel engine， a small size two-cylinder diesel was analyzed under 293.0 K and 248.0 K ambient temperatures based on cold start test and simulation. A thermodynamic boundary condition model of cold start was proposed， and the lowest values of auxiliary heating that can help diesel engine cold start successfully was obtained. The influence of compression on energy dissipation was discussed. Results showed that in the process of cold starting， the largest proportion of energy loss was the heat transfer loss of the working medium in the cylinder to the wall of the combustion chamber. The energy dissipation fluctuated greatly in the stage of rotating speed rise， while the energy distribution tended to be stable in the stage of warm-up and idle speed stability. When the ambient temperature was 293.0 K and 248.0 K， the ratios of heat transfer loss of working medium in cylinder to combustion chamber wall were 38.55% and 36.40%， respectively. The ratios of exhaust energy loss were 24.32% and 32.79%， respectively， and the ratios of friction work loss were 35.43% and 25.38%， respectively. The minimum auxiliary heating was 1 648.80 J at ambient temperature of 248.0 K. With the increase of compression ratio， the combustion delay angle， exhaust energy， the heat transfer of working medium to the wall of the combustion chamber， and the energy leakage loss of working medium in the cylinder all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing， while the friction work loss showed a trend of decreasing. The turning point of all energy trends occurred at 1.90 s in the speed rise stage.
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