沈颖刚,杨云春,吕誉,等.增压方式对柴油机高原环境下工作特性影响的数值模拟[J].内燃机工程,2021,42(3):47-54.
增压方式对柴油机高原环境下工作特性影响的数值模拟
Numerical Simulation of Influence of Turbocharged Modes on Working Characteristics of Diesel Engine in Plateau
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2021.03.007
关键词:柴油机  可变二级增压系统  高原  性能
Key Words:diesel engine  regulated two stage turbocharging systems  plateau  performance
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(51866004);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2019Y0033)
作者单位E-mail
沈颖刚 昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室 shenyinggang@163.com 
杨云春 昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室  
吕誉 昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室  
陈贵升* 昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室 cgs_yly@163.com 
李克 国家新能源汽车技术创新中心  
杨锐敏 昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室  
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摘要:以一台高压共轨重型柴油机为研究机型,构建了一维热力学模型,首先对比研究了单级增压(1TC)和二级增压(2TC)对柴油机变海拔条件下工作特性的影响；然后将2TC的高压级更换为可变截面涡轮增压器,在4km海拔条件下,分析了叶片开度对柴油机性能的影响。结果表明：相较于1TC,2TC可进一步提高柴油机对海拔变化的适应性,特别是在低转速工况下效果更加明显。低转速工况时,可变二级增压柴油机叶片开度在40%~70%转矩最大,有效热效率最高,有效燃油消耗率(BSFC)最低；随着转速升高,增大叶片开度可降低排气背压,减少缸内残余废气,提高增压器效率,NOx排放减少,降低BSFC；低转速时,传热损失率随叶片开度增加先减小后增加,中高转速时,传热损失随叶片开度增大而下降。
Abstract:Based on a high-pressure common rail heavy-duty diesel engine, a one-dimensional thermodynamic simulation model was built. Firstly, the effects of single-stage turbocharged (1TC) and two-stage turbocharged (2TC) on the operational characteristics of diesel engine under variable altitudes were conducted. Afterward, the high-pressure stage of 2TC was replaced with a variable geometry turbocharger to investigate the effects of the blade opening on the performance of the diesel engine at an altitude of 4 km. The results show that compared with 1TC, 2TC can further improve the adaptability of diesel engine to altitude changes, especially in low-speed operational conditions. In low-speed operational conditions, the regulated two stage turbocharging (RTST) systems diesel engine has a maximum torque, highest effective thermal efficiency and lowest break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) when the blade opening were between 40% and 70%. As the speed increases, enlarging the blade opening can reduce the exhaust back pressure and residual exhaust gas in the cylinders, increase the efficiency of the turbocharger, decrease NOx emissions and BSFC; at low-speed operational conditions, the heat transfer loss rate decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of the blade opening. At medium and high-speed operational conditions, the heat transfer loss rate decreases with the increase of the blade opening.
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