邹泽宇,郑尊清,刘佳林,毛斌,邹宪,尧命发.不同增压系统对重型柴油机性能和排放影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2017,38(6):1-8.
不同增压系统对重型柴油机性能和排放影响的试验研究
Effects of Different Turbocharging Systems on Performance and Emissions of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engin
DOI：
关键词:增压系统  废气再循环  增压器效率  燃烧  排放
Key Words:turbocharging system  exhaust gas recirculation  turbocharger efficiency  combustion  emissions
基金项目:国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB228402)
作者单位
邹泽宇,郑尊清,刘佳林,毛斌,邹宪,尧命发 天津大学 内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,天津 300072 
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摘要:在一台电控高压共轨重型柴油机上,基于高压冷却废气再循环(EGR),对比研究了带废气放气阀式单级固定涡轮截面增压器(WGT)、单级可变涡轮截面增压器(VGT)、二级固定涡轮截面增压器(WGT-FGT)和二级可变涡轮截面增压器(VGT-FGT)四种增压方式对柴油机性能与排放的影响。结果表明：可变截面相对固定截面增压系统(VGT相对WGT,VGT-FGT相对WGT-FGT),能显著提高涡前与进气压差,实现更高EGR率和更低的NOx排放,同时能够提高进气充量,从而改善燃烧过程。随着NOx比排放的降低,四种增压方式的油耗都呈现上升趋势,并且VGT FGT、VGT、WGT FGT和WGT的燃油消耗率依次升高。当NOx原始排放控制在5.0g/(kW•h)左右,采用WGT-FGT时燃油消耗率相对WGT获得一定改善(与VGT和VGT-FGT相当),碳烟排放与VGT-FGT接近,明显优于WGT。随NOx排放降低,可变截面增压系统相对固定截面增压系统逐渐表现出优势：当NOx原始排放控制在3.5g/(kW•h)左右,VGT可以获得与VGT-FGT接近的燃油经济性和碳烟排放；当NOx原始排放更低(2.8g/(kW•h)以下),VGT-FGT降低油耗和碳烟排放的优势更加明显。
Abstract:The effects of different turbocharging systems, single-stage turbocharger(WGT), single-stage variable geometry turbocharger(VGT), two-stage turbocharger(WGT-FGT) and two-stage variable geometry turbocharger(VGT-FGT), on the combustion and emissions characteristics were experimentally investigated on a common-rail heavy duty diesel engine. The results show that compared to the WGT and WGT-FGT, the VGT and VGT-FGT can significantly improve the differential pressure between before turbine and air intake manifold, more proportion of EGR can be introduced and lower NOx emission can be achieved. They can also increase intake air, thus the process of combustion is improved. With the reduction of NOx emission, these four turbo-charging systems make brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC) increase, the increase sequence of overall fuel consumption is the VGT-FGT, VGT WGT-FGT and WGT. When NOx emission is controlled around 5.0 g/(kW•h), the WGT-FGT can enable the engine to achieve lower BSFC than the WGT does with soot close to that with the VGT, but apparently superior to that with the WGT. When NOxemission is controlled about 3.5 g/(kW•h), the VGT can enable the engine to realize almost the same BSFC and soot emission as the VGT-FGT does. At lower NOx emission, the advantage of the VGT-FGT turbocharger becomes more obvious in reducing fuel consumption and soot.
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