黄开胜，张尧，刘刚，刘胜，贾桢，张扬军.排气压力对发动机性能的影响研究[J].内燃机工程,2017,38(5):108-112.
排气压力对发动机性能的影响研究
Research on Influence of Exhaust Pressure on Diesel Engine Performance
DOI：
关键词:柴油机  排气压力  气缸压力  燃烧  性能
Key Words:diesel engine  exhaust pressure  cylinder pressure  combustion  performance
基金项目:总装重大预研项目（7131319） General Armament Department Major Advanced Research Project（7131319）
作者单位
黄开胜，张尧，刘刚，刘胜，贾桢，张扬军 1.清华大学 汽车工程系 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084；2.北京航天发射技术研究所，北京 100072；3.军事交通学院 军用车辆系，天津 300161；4.中国北方发动机研究所，天津 300400；5.北京电动车辆协同创新中心，北京 100084 
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摘要:在一台3.8 L涡轮增压中冷4缸柴油机上通过试验研究了排气压力对柴油机燃烧和性能的影响。试验中拆除了原机增压器及中冷器，通过自制压力调节装置直接控制柴油机进、排气压力。试验结果表明：排气压力对柴油机缸内压力的影响较小，最高燃烧压力及相位变化不明显；空气质量流量与排气压力具有一定的线性关系，排气压力每增加10 kPa，空气质量流量减少约1.2~2.0 kg/h，减小百分比为0.4%~0.7%；柴油机排气温度与排气压力具有一定的线性关系，排气压力每增加10 kPa，排气温度增加约4.0~4.7 ℃；排气压力增加使柴油机的动力性和经济性恶化，排气压力每增加10 kPa，转矩减小约2.3~3.1 N•m，减小百分比为1.0%~1.9%，比油耗增加约2.8~7.1 g/(kW•h)，增加百分比为1.4%~3.3%。仿真计算表明：排气压力增加使泵气过程负功增加，排气压力每增加10kPa，泵气过程平均指示压力减小约9.8~10.7 kPa，减小百分比约13%。
Abstract:An experimental study was carried out on a 4-cylinder turbocharged and inter-cooled diesel engine with 3.8 L displacement to reveal the influence of exhaust pressure on the engine performances. During the engine tests, the turbocharger of the engine was removed, and the intake and exhaust pressures of the engine were controlled directly by a self-made pressure control system. Experimental results show that the exhaust pressure has little influence on the cylinder pressure and maximum combustion pressure changes with crankshaft angle. The air mass flow rate has a certain linear relationship with exhaust pressure：The air mass flow rate will be decreased by 1.2~2.0 kg/h, accounting for 0.4%~0.7% of the original value, when the exhaust pressure increases by 10 kPa. There is a linear relationship between the exhaust temperature and exhaust pressure. The exhaust temperature will be increased by 4.0~4.7 ℃ when the exhaust pressure increases by 10 kPa. Increasing exhaust pressure makes the engine power and fuel economy seriously deteriorated resulting in decrease in brake torque by 2.3~3.1 N•m, accounting for 1.0%~1.9% of the original value and increase in brake specific fuel consumption by 2.8~7.1 g/(kW•h), accounting for 1.4%~3.3% of the original value, when the exhaust pressure increases by 10 kPa. Simulations show that an increase in exhaust pressure makes the pumping loss increased so that the indicated mean effective pressure will be decreased by 9.8~10.7 kPa, accounting for about 13% of the original value, when the exhaust pressure increases by 10 kPa.
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