孟维利,柯赟,王天怿,等.基于高压油管管壁振动的共轨喷油器无损监测技术[J].内燃机工程,2026,47(1):169-177.
基于高压油管管壁振动的共轨喷油器无损监测技术
Non-Destructive Monitoring Technology for Common Rail Fuel Injectors Based on High Pressure Fuel Pipe Wall Vibration
DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2026.01.018
关键词:无损监测  流固耦合  高压油管  径向变形  共轨喷油器
Key Words:non-destructive monitoring  fluid-structure coupling  high-pressurefuel pipe  radial deformation  common rail fuel injector
基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（LH2024E073）
作者单位E-mail
孟维利* 哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院，烟台 264000 mengwl@hrbeu.edu.cn 
柯赟* 哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院，烟台 264000 keyun1994@126.com 
王天怿 哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院，烟台 264000  
彭金鹏 哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院，烟台 264000  
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摘要:为了解决获取喷油器状态信息需破坏发动机结构导致可靠性下降的问题，提出一种基于喷油器状态–高压油管变形的无损监测方法。采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamic， CFD）方法获取管内燃油脉冲压力特性，并通过流固耦合分析不同位置和轨压对油管振动响应的影响，得出高压油管壁面膨胀量与内部燃油压力呈现周期相位同步特性，距喷油器越近和轨压越高时膨胀量越大。不同压力和共轨喷油器故障下高压油管振动信号的对比验证结果表明：喷油过程振动信号电压波动幅值随压力升高增大。在喷孔堵塞和针阀磨损故障工况下，喷油阶段高压油管信号压降均减小超8%，水击效应阶段波动幅值标准差分别降低39.4%和37.4%，针阀磨损还会导致信号相位显著偏移。研究验证了通过高压油管管壁振动实现喷油器无损监测的可行性，可为喷油器的健康管理和智能控制提供支撑。
Abstract:To address the challenge of obtaining fuel injector status information， which typically requires destructive modifications to the engine structure and compromises reliability， a non-destructive monitoring method based on fuel injector status–high-pressure fuel pipe deformation analysis was proposed.Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were used to analyze the fuel pulse pressure characteristics within the pipe. Fluid-structure interaction modeling was then employed to quantify the impact of different locations and pressures on the vibration response of the pipe. The results show that the expansion of the pipe wall synchronizes periodically with the internal fuel pressure， exhibiting a phase-synchronous characteristic. The expansion of the pipe wall is larger when the pipe is closer to the injector and the rail pressure is higher. Through comparative experiments conducted under different pressures and common rail injector fault conditions， it is demonstrated that the vibration signal voltage fluctuation amplitude increases with rising pressure during the injection process. In fault conditions of nozzle clogging and needle valve wear， the pressure drops during the injection phase both decrease by more than 8%， and the fluctuation standard deviations during the water-hammer effect phase reduces by more than 39.4% and 37.4%， respectively.Needle valve wear also induces significant phase shifts in the signal. These findings validate the feasibility of achieving non-destructive monitoring of the injector through high-pressure fuel pipe wall vibration， providing support for injector health management and intelligent control.
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