| 张梦娇,李辉,孙非,等.大缸径发动机气门–气门座冲击磨损试验及磨损量预测[J].内燃机工程,2026,47(1):65-74. |
| 大缸径发动机气门–气门座冲击磨损试验及磨损量预测 |
| Impact Wear Test and Wear Amount Prediction of the Valve-Valve Seat in a Large Bore Engine |
| DOI：10.13949/j.cnki.nrjgc.2026.01.007 |
| 关键词:气门–气门座 缩比模型 加速试验 冲击磨损试验 磨损量预测 大缸径发动机 |
| Key Words:valve-valve seat scaled-down model accelerated test impact weartest wear amount prediction large bore engine |
| 基金项目:工信部船机重大专项之船用发动机高可靠性设计和验证关键技术项目 |
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| 摘要:针对大缸径发动机冲击磨损试验台难寻的问题，以某大缸径双燃料发动机排气门–气门座为研究对象，进行模型缩比及试验加速设计，通过冲击磨损试验台模拟气门–气门座的热环境和接触条件，进行不同配对材料、不同凸轮转速的冲击磨损试验，并分析冲击磨损机理。研究结果表明，气门冲击所造成磨损机理以疲劳磨损为主，材料匹配及落座速度均对其磨损量有较大影响；气门材料GH4080A和气门座材料本体40Cr10Si2Mo接触面堆焊Stellite12所组成的摩擦副在相同条件下的冲击磨损试验中气门–气门座磨损量相当，气门材料GH152和气门座材料NiCrW2所组成的摩擦副在相同条件下的冲击磨损试验中总磨损量最小；磨损量随落座速度的增大而增大。基于试验数据对冲击磨损系数进行了修正，并采用磨损公式对某大缸径发动机进行寿命预测，结果表明，气门应在工作近4 600 h时进行更换，气门座应在工作近3 700 h时进行更换。 |
| Abstract:To solve the problem that it is difficult to find an impact wear test rig for large-bore engines， the exhaust valve-valve seat of a large-bore engine was taken as the research object， and model scaling and test acceleration design were carried out. The thermal environment and contact conditions of the valve-valve seat were simulated through a bench-type impact wear test rig， and impact wear tests were conducted under different mating materials and different cam rotation speeds， and the impact wear mechanism was analyzed. The research results show that the wear mechanism caused by the impact of the gas valve is mainly fatigue wear， and both material matching and seating speed have a significant impact on the wear amount of the valve-valve seat. The friction pair composed of the valve with material of GH4080A and the valve seat with material of body 40Cr10Si2Mo with Stellite12 surfacing on the contact surface has a comparable wear amount of the valve-valve seat in the impact wear test under the same conditions. The friction pair composed of the valve with material of GH152 and the valve seat with material of NiCrW2 has the smallest total wear amount in the impact wear test under the same conditions. The wear amount increases with the increase of the seating speed. The impact wear coefficient was corrected based on the test data， and the wear formula was used to predict the service life of a certain large bore engine. The results show that the valve should be replaced when it has been in operation for nearly 4 600 h， and the valve seat should be replaced when it has been in operation for nearly 3 700 h. |
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